European Electricity Atlas

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Map of Europe

Time-series comparison

Metric family
Representation
Y-axis

Electricity systems

Electric mobility

Uniform fleet assumption: Theoretical nominal battery capacity = BEV stock × 60 kWh. This is neither usable energy nor V2G or grid-available storage capacity.
Data sources and provenance

Ember

Provider: Ember, curated and internationally comparable electricity data.

API: Ember API documentation, base URL https://api.ember-energy.org/v1.

  • /electricity-generation/monthly and /yearly: generation and electricity mix.
  • /electricity-demand/monthly and /yearly: electricity consumption.
  • /carbon-intensity/monthly and /yearly: carbon intensity.
  • European Wholesale Electricity Price Data Monthly CSV: national monthly day-ahead wholesale electricity prices.

Processing: Pre-aggregated TWh, gCO₂/kWh and EUR/MWh period values are stored as period observations. Annual prices are weighted by the actual number of days in each month and reported as complete only with twelve completed months. Current months are provisional; current years are YTD.

Price attribution: Ember Wholesale Electricity Price Data, CC BY 4.0.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Ember.

Eurostat

Provider: Statistical office of the European Union.

Datasets: Population and GDP, installed net capacity, annual household and non-household electricity prices and their components, gross electricity imports and exports, and battery-electric passenger car stock and new registrations.

Processing: Imports run sequentially, with at most one request in flight. Annual metrics and derived per-capita figures only use data from the same calendar year; missing country-year values remain blank.

Source: Eurostat database.

European Environment Agency

Content: Annual greenhouse gas inventory for CRT/IPCC category 1.A.1.a.

Scope: The category covers public electricity and heat production. It is not an electricity-only figure and is not equivalent to estimated generation emissions.

Source: EEA GHG inventory.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Source: European Environment Agency.

Battery-Charts Germany

Provider: Battery-Charts, RWTH Aachen University’s research team for energy economics and battery technology.

Content: Cleaned MaStR total of stationary battery storage in Germany, split into home, industrial and large-scale storage.

Processing: Monthly energy and discharge power values are validated together. The German total is exactly the sum of the three segments; vehicle batteries are excluded.

Import method: A controlled browser export captures the public Battery-Charts data. Local JSON imports remain available. Monthly refreshes preserve the previous inventory if capture or validation fails.

Coverage: Germany is labelled national_registry_total . German JRC battery projects are not added to this total.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Source: Battery-Charts.

JRC Energy Storage Inventory

Provider: Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.

Content: Operational electrochemical projects outside Germany, plus storage classified exclusively as Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) in all Atlas countries.

Import method: A controlled browser export downloads the current official dashboard data. The old, undocumented project API is not used. If the optional export fails, the previous inventory is preserved.

Coverage: JRC values represent a tracked_project_inventory, not a complete national total. Missing energy remains missing; estimated capacities are visibly labelled.

Source: European Energy Storage Inventory.

JRC Hydro-power database

Content: Static plant snapshot of recorded hydropower generation capacity, pumping power and directly reported storage energy.

Scope: This plant inventory is separate from the actively maintained JRC Energy Storage Inventory. Missing storage energy is not estimated from power or other plant data.

Reporting date: Each snapshot’s metric-specific reporting date is shown in the map and country details.

Source: JRC Hydro-power database.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Source: European Commission JRC.

Atlas-derived metrics

Renewables per capita: renewable generation divided by the population of the same year.

Low-carbon share: renewable and nuclear generation as a share of total generation. Self-sufficiency: generation relative to consumption.

Estimated generation emissions: carbon intensity × generation. The result is a calculated estimate, not a greenhouse gas inventory.

Decarbonisation rate: change in carbon intensity compared with the completed previous year. Positive values mean falling carbon intensity; negative values mean rising carbon intensity.

Combined indicators: Generation and consumption are divided by nominal GDP for the same year. The emissions ratio uses the EEA inventory for public electricity and heat production. The price gap is the household total price minus the annual wholesale average weighted by calendar days. Electricity trade throughput relates gross imports plus gross exports to consumption.

Natural Earth

Base map: Natural Earth 1:50m Admin 0 Countries, version 5.1.1.

Processing: Cropped to Europe, geometrically simplified and stored as a local SVG during development. Opening the application does not load map tiles or external map services.

Terms of use: Natural Earth map data is in the public domain and may be modified and used commercially.

Source: Natural Earth Admin-0 Countries.

Imported source responses and metadata are stored locally in data/atlas.sqlite3. Ember keys are redacted before storage; the Atlas uses no key for Battery-Charts. Sources are not silently mixed.

Definitions and coverage notes
  • Generation, electricity mix, consumption and carbon intensity come from Ember’s curated monthly and annual data.
  • Prices are national monthly Ember values and are weighted by calendar days for complete years.
  • Gross electricity imports and exports are annual Eurostat values. Negative-price hours and operational interval data are outside the scope of this monthly Atlas.
  • Net imports are positive for net importers and negative for net exporters. The net import share uses consumption from the same period.
  • Eurostat metrics and derived per-capita, capacity-factor and EV values are only available in the annual view.
  • The theoretical nominal EV battery capacity uses a flat fleet assumption of 60 kWh per BEV. It represents neither usable energy nor V2G or grid-available storage capacity.
  • EEA CRT 1.A.1.a covers public electricity and heat production and is not an electricity-only figure.
  • GDP ratios use nominal GDP at current prices. Long-term comparisons may therefore be affected by inflation and changes in price levels.
  • Estimated generation emissions are calculated from carbon intensity and generation. A positive decarbonisation rate means carbon intensity fell compared with the previous year.
  • Storage values are separately dated inventories, not monthly or annual flows. German battery data comes exclusively from Battery-Charts; other batteries and all pumped storage come from JRC.
  • The JRC hydropower inventory is a separate plant snapshot. Only directly reported storage energy is displayed; missing energy remains missing.
  • The current month is provisional. The current year is reported as YTD using completed months only.
  • A blank value means the specified source provides no metric for that country and period.